Declared plant in Western Australia

Arum lily (Zantedeschia aethiopica)
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See also: Control Method | Weed description | Declared plants list
 
(Locality Code: C= City; S=Shire; T=Town)
 
Category: P1, P4
Location: for the whole of the State
 

Control Codes and Landholder Obligations

P1

REQUIREMENTS

Prohibits movement

The movement of plants or their seeds is prohibited within the State.

This prohibits the movement of contaminated machinery and produce including livestock and fodder.

 

P4

REQUIREMENTS

Aims to prevent infestation spreading beyond existing boundaries of infestation

The infested area must be managed in such a way that prevents the spread of seed or plant parts within and from the property on or in livestock, fodder, grain, vehicles and/or machinery.

Treat to destroy and prevent seed set all plants:

·        within 100 metres inside of the boundaries of the infested property

·        within 50 metres of roads and high-water mark on waterways

·        within 50 metres of sheds, stock yards and houses

Treatment must be done prior to seed set each year.

Additional areas may be ordered to be treated.

 

Special considerations

In the case of P4 infestations where they continue across property boundaries there is no requirement to treat the relevant part of the property boundaries as long as the boundaries of the infestation as a whole are treated. There must be agreement between neighbours in relation to the treatment of these areas.

Control Method

Recommended herbicides

:
  • Chlorsulfuron
  • Metsulfuron
  • 2,4-D amine
  • Paraquat

  

Herbicide

:

Chlorsulfuron
(various trade names - AVPMA site)

Active ingredient 

:

750 or 790 g/kg chlorsulfuron          (Group B)

Rates of dilution for spot spraying

:

1 g to 50 litres

Amount of product per 10 litres water

:

0.2 g

Rate of product per hectare

:

20 g

Wetting agent dilution

:

1:400

Time of application

:

June - October (best results when flowering)

Remarks

:
  • Agitate well to ensure good mixing when using small quantities of chlorsulfuron - dissolve before adding to the tank. The spot spraying dilution is based on 20 g/ha.
  • To avoid the need to measure very small quantities of chemical add 1 g chlorsulfuron to 1 litre of water. Use 200 mL of this mix to 10 litres of water in a knapsack sprayer.

More information and other control methods

:
  • Glyphosate can be used at 1:100 but results are only fair.

 

Herbicide

:

Metsulfuron
(various trade names - AVPMA site)

Active ingredient 

:

600 g/kg Metsulfuron methyl             (Group B)

Rates of dilution for spot spraying

:

0.75 g to 50 L

Amount of product per 10 litres water

:

0.15 g

Rate of product per hectare

:

15 g

Wetting agent dilution

:

1:400

Time of application

:

June - October (best results when flowering)

Remarks

:
  • Agitate well to ensure good mixing when using small quantities of metsulfuron - dissolve before adding to the tank. The spot spraying dilution is based on 20 g/ha.
  • For metsulfuron add 1 g to 1 litre of water and tale 150 mL. Add wetting agent @ 10 mL/10 L of water.

More information and other control methods

:

Glyphosate can be used at 1:100 but results are only fair.

 

Herbicide

:

Paraquat
(various trade names - AVPMA site)

Active ingredient

:

200 - 250 g/L paraquat                (Group L)

Amount of product per 10 litres water

:

20 mL

Rate of product per hectare

:

2 L

Wetting agent dilution

:

1:400 or 1 :1000 of BS - 1000

Time of application

:

End August - October before full flowering 

Remarks

:
  • Not recommended for application unless by registered spray contractor 
  • This is a very effective treatment as it appears to reduce the underground rhizomes or tubers
  • Application through blanket wiper is also very effective for all the above chemicals.

  

Herbicide

:

2,4-D amine
(various trade names - AVPMA site)

Active ingredient

:

a) 500 g/litre 2,4-D amine                (Group I)
b) 625 g/litre 2,4-D amine      

Rates of dilution for spot spraying

:

a) 1:200

b) 1:250

Amount of product per 10 litres water

:

a) 50 mL

b) 40 mL

Rate of product per hectare

:

a) 5 L

b) 4 L

Wetting agent dilution

:

1:1000

More information and other control methods

:

Busselton region recommended 1:80 2,4-D amine. Chemical is covered by the Restricted Spraying Regulations and can not be applied within 5 km of a commercial vineyard or tomato garden without a permit.

Permits can be obtained from the Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia. In these situations paraquat, chlorsulfuron and metsulfuron are the preferred treatment.


Weed Description

Family:           Araceae

Form :             Herbaceous – Perennial

Status:            Present in WA

                    (click to view image)

Arum lily is a robust, dark green, succulent herb, sometimes also known as Calla or White arum lily. It was introduced to WA from South Africa as a garden plant and subsequently escaped to become established as a weed. It is found in creeks, irrigation ditches and areas of summer-moist land in the higher rainfall south west of Western Australia, often forming large dense clumps.

Arum lily competes with valuable perennial pasture plants on summer land. It has been suspected of causing eczema in humans. Stock deaths have occurred from grazing arum lily.

Arum lily has fleshy roots and forms extensive tubers. The roots when boiled provide a starchy food for some South African tribes; however, they are poisonous when eaten raw.

Arum lily spreads vegetatively by regeneration from tuber fragments and by seeds.

Leaves:        The petioles (leaf stalks) are up to 0.4 m long and smooth; the leaf blades are thick and fleshy, pointed at the apex with blunt lobes at the base.

Flowers:       White to greenish white and tubular flowers, becoming funnel shaped at the top with a slit down one side. Flowering takes place in spring.

Fruit:            The berry is oval, yellowish, about 1 cm in diameter and contains several round seeds about 3 mm in diameter.

Other relevant information related to this topic:

·       Quarantine WA

·       Permitted and quarantine species list

·       Weeds CRC

·       Permit for minor off-label-use of a registered agvet chemical product
(Permit number – per9655)

·       Off-label permit (olp) for use of a registered agvet chemical product
(Permit number - per4590)

·       Off-label permit (olp) for use of a registered agvet chemical product
(Permit number – per4594)